DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Nama : Fisca Saptiyani Utami
Kelas : 1EA27
Npm : 14214303

“DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH”

    Direct and Indirect Speech

    Direct and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported Speech. Direct   Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip. Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma.

   Contoh:
   Reporting verb: Tono says,
   Reported words ”I’m very good at English”
   Tense yang harus kita perhatikan dalam pola ini yaitu:

1      1.  Direct Speech:

  Ø  Simple Present Tense

  Ø  Present Continuous Tense

  Ø  Present Perfect Tense

  Ø  Present Perfect Continuous Tense

  Ø  Simple Past Tense

  Ø  Simple Future Tense

  Ø  Future Continouos Tense

  Ø Conditional

       2.  Indirect Speech:

v  Simple Past Tense

v  Past Continuous Tense

v  Past Perfect Tense

v  Past Perfect Continuous Tense

v  Past Perfect Tense

v  Past Future Tense/Conditional

v  Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous)

v  Conditional 

Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya.

Contoh :
He said, “The sun rises in the east” → He said that the sun rises in the east.

PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN:

 Direct  :                                                 Indirect : 

  Now                                          →        Then
  Today                                        →        That day
  Tonight                                     →        That night
  This week                                 →        That week
  Yesterday                                  →        The day before
  The day before yesterday         →        Two days before
  Last night                                  →        The night before
  Last week/year                          →        The previous week/year
  A year ago                                 →        A year before/The previous year
  Three years ago                         →        Three years before
  Tomorrow                                  →        The next day/The following day
  The day after tomorrow             →        In two day’s time/The following day
  Next week/year                          →         The following week/year
  On Sunday                                 →         On Sunday
  Here                                           →          There
  This book                                  →          The book
  This                                           →          That
  These                                         →          Those
  Over there                                 →          Over there
  *etc.

PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN:

  Can      →        Could
  May     →        Might
  Might  →        Might
  Must    →        Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
  *etc.

   Contoh:
   The man said, “I must mend the wall next week”
   The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week.
   Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding minggu berikutnya.
  The girl said, ” I must wash my hands before eating”
  The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating.
  Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan.
  *etc.

Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:

        1)      Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”

He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
Bob said that he was a university student.

       2)      Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.

He told me, “wait for me !”
He told me to wait for him.
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.

      3)      Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.

Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Mixed type:
Contoh:
Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale”
Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.

EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH :

        

           1.      D : She says to her friend, “ I have been reading “

            I : She says to her friend that he has been reading

           2.      D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “

            I : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t ugly

           3.      D : Reza said, “ I’m very sleepy “

            I : Reza said that he was very sleepy

          4.      D : He has told you, “ I am writing “

           I : He has told you that he is writing

         5.      D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “

          I : Mothe advised her son to study hard

        6.      D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “

         I : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football

        7.      D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus

         I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning

        8.      D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “

         I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies

        9.      D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “

         I : Mother asked her not to go there alone

        10.  D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “

        I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Jack, Saharuddin Hasan. 2003. The Easiest Way of Comprehending English Grammar. Jakarta : Batavia Press
Djauhari, Imam D. 1996. Mastery on English Grammar. Surabaya : Indah Surabaya
http://irena040506.wordpress.com/2010/05/21/direct-and-indirect-speech/
 http://wantosakti.wordpress.com/category/ug-softskill/